"This report discusses Egypt's historical and modern strategic orientation in Africa, including the Nile Basin and the Horn of Africa. The continent was viewed as a source of trade, influence, and power and a potential threat to Egypt's Nile Valley civilization. In the post-independence period, Africa is witnessing constant tensions
and conflicts, exacerbating its complex economic, political, and humanitarian
crises.
Within this context, global and regional powers are constantly vying for
control, driven by Africa's geostrategic importance. However, neoliberal
policies since the 1970s, as well as the repercussions of the Arab Spring in
2011, led Egypt to move away from the periphery of its African circle, allowing
the rising powers in Africa and the Middle East to influence Egypt's strategic
position there.
This development raises critical questions: How has Egypt's African role
developed? What are the current challenges? How can Egypt use its soft power
effectively in Africa?
The report discussed these questions, pointing out the essential
factors and dimensions that shaped its strategic direction south of its
national borders. It also shows how Egypt's role in Africa has declined in
recent decades, including the repercussions of soft power dynamics in
light of multifaceted challenges. These major soft power dynamics are
water security threats and international and regional competition. In trade
and investment with Africa, the report stresses the need for Egypt to
formulate comprehensive strategies and participate in regional
partnerships. It considers Egypt's historical experience would help to
catalyze the adaptation of policies to evolving circumstances; Egypt can
proactively secure its interests and exercise its influence in the evolving
landscape in Africa. In the end, the report concluded that Egypt still has
the concern and the potential to navigate the challenges faced by its role
in the last decade, specifically as it transformed into more stable
politically and economically. It might take the initiative to mediate
between African competitors locally and regionally, as is the case in
Sudan and Western Africa"
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